Robin and Chute’s Tropically adapted Super Negroids

Afrocentric Argument

“The ancient Egyptians had “Topically adapted” Body Plan“
“The Ancient Egyptians had “Super Negroid” Body proportions.“

This commonly used Afrocentric Argument is usually accompanied by one (or all) of these studies. 

1. The physical proportions and living stature of New Kingdom Pharaohs – (Robin & Chute; 1983)
2. Predynastic egyptian stature and physical proportions – (Robin & Chute; 1986)
3. Variation in ancient Egyptian stature and body proportions – (Zakrzeweski; 2003)
4. Stature estimation in ancient Egyptians: a new technique  –  (Raxter; 2011) 

Indeed those studies describe the ancient Egyptians body plan as “Super Negroid” or  “Tropically Adapted”
For example (Zakrzewski, S.R. (2003) 👇👇👇👇

“The raw values in Table 6 suggest that Egyptians had the “super-Negroid” body plan described by Robins (1983).. This pattern is supported by Figure 7 (a plot of population mean femoral and tibial lengths; data from Ruff, 1994), which indicates that the Egyptians generally have tropical body plans. Of the Egyptian samples, only the Badarian and Early Dynastic period populations have shorter tibiae than predicted from femoral length. Despite these differences, all samples lie relatively clustered together as compared to the other populations.”
(Zakrzewski, S.R. (2003).
Variation in ancient Egyptian stature and body proportions”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121 (3): 219-229

 

(Raxter; 2011) 👇👇👇👇

“Intralimb (crural and brachial) indices are significantly higher in ancient Egyptians than in American Whites (except crural index among females), i.e., Egyptians have relatively longer distal segments (Table 4). Intralimb indices are not significantly different between Egyptians and American Blacks*… Many of those who have studied ancient Egyptians have commented on their characteristically ‘‘tropical” or ”African” body plan (Warren, 1897; Masali, 1972; Robins, 1983; Robins and Shute, 1983, 1984, 1986; Zakrzewski, 2003). Egyptians also fall within the range of modern African populations (Ruff and Walker, 1993), but close to the upper limit of modern Europeans as well, at least for the crural index (brachial indices are definitely more ”African”).. In terms of* femoral and tibial length to total skeletal height proportions, we found that ancient Egyptians are significantly different from US Blacks, although still closer to Blacks than to Whites.” (Raxter; 2008)
Stature estimation in ancient Egyptians: a new technique based on anatomical reconstruction of stature. (Raxter; 2008)

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Discussion and refutation.

upon further inspection we discover that such argument can not be used anymore, for the upcoming reasons

1. Zakzewski and Raxter derive their information from (Robin & Chute) who deny ancient Egyptians were Negroes.
2. repeated flaws of Trotter and Glesser equations make them unreliable.
3. Newer methods debunk old conclusions.

Now lets delve into the details

They were certainly not Negroes

We will notice above that Robin and Chute are always referenced whenever “Super Negroid” is mentioned in Zakreweski or Raxter‘s papers, and that is because Robin and Chute are the ones who coined the term “Super Negroid” in their description of  the ancient Egyptian body plan.

But What Afrocentrics do not know is that Robin and Chute, deny ancient Egyptians to be black.

“the physical proportions of Ancient Egyptians had negroid affinities; nevertheless since they were certainly not negroes, the use of negro equations to estimate their stature has generally been avoided” (Robin & Chute; 1983)
The physical proportions and living stature of New Kingdom Pharaohs 

Also

“This does not mean that the ancient Egyptians were negroes; indeed, in their art
they clearly distinguished between their own facial features and skin colour and those of people from further south. It does, however, suggest that their physical proportions were more like those of modern negroes than those of modern whites” (G. Robins, C. C. D. Shute 1986)
Predynastie Egyptian stature and physical proportions (1986)

So
one really has to wonder How come Afrocentrics use Robin and Chute‘s studies to support their Black Egypt claims, When the source of that term states bluntly the ancient Egyptians weren’t 😃

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Newer studies debunk older conclusions

“The mosaic pattern in ecogeographicpatterning among ancient Egyptian populations suggeststhat they cannot readily be characterized as “super-Negroid” as previously suggested (Robins, 1983; Zakrzewski, 2003)”
An Exploration of Adult Body Shape and Limb Proportions at Kellis 2, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt (Bleuze; 2014) P.497

 

“The results presented in this study suggest that body shape and intralimb proportions among ancient Egyptian populations cannot be generalized as “tropically adapted” or “Negroid” as previously suggested (Robins, 1983; Robins and Shute, 1986; Zakrzewski, 2003).
Although certain aspects of the Kellis 2 physique conform to ecogeographical expectations (e.g., brachial and crural indices), their body mass relative to stature is
greater than expected, and does not fit the “tropically adapted” scheme.”
An Exploration of Adult Body Shape and Limb Proportions at Kellis 2, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt P.503

 

 

Trotter and Glesser outdated and unreliable

Trotter and Glesser formulae which are the equation (Robin & Chute) and Sonia Zakreweski relied on for Stature Estimation are proven to be flawed and inaccurate, which means any study that built its conclusions on them are now debunked

Source –> On the accuracy of estimating living stature from skeletal length in the grave and by linear regression

 

“Therefore, it is necessary to check if a target sample falls within the reference sample range prior to using the equations. Lastly, applying Trotter and Gleser’s (1958) equations to female samples should be avoided because they produce highly biased estimates” (Jeong; 2016)
Caveats in Using Trotter and Gleser’s (1958) Asian Equations for Stature Estimation

 

Estimates of living stature, based on X-ray measurements applied to the Trotter & Gleser (1958) negro equations for the femur, tibia and humerus, have been made for ancient Egyptian kings belonging to the 18th and 19th dynasties

Source –> The Physical Proportions and Living Stature of New Kingdom Pharaohs (Robin & Chute 1983)

 

 

 

 

Newer Studies deny he ancient Egyptians were tropically adapted or Super Negroid